The Science of Willpower Part 1: The Self-Regulating Brain
Willpower is a fundamental aspect of human behavior, yet one which we seldom investigate. That’s why today, we’re delving into where self-control comes from in the brain, and how exactly it works on a physiological level.
What is willpower?
Firstly, we need to ascertain the neurological basis on which willpower is formed. Let’s look at this under two broad categories:
1. Brain regions
The PFC, or prefrontal cortex, plays a central role in self-regulation. Indeed, fMRI (or functional magnetic resonance imaging) studies reveal increased levels of activity within the PFC during tasks that require willpower. This shows just how pivotal the PFC is regarding many of our related executive functions, including impulse control, focus and attention, and decision-making.
The PFC also interacts with other regions of the brain to affect willpower. For example, the limbic system, which governs our motivations and emotions, acts together with the PFC to form a delicate balance between impulses and rational decisions.
For instance, the limbic system may signal a need for immediate gratification when faced with temptation such as fast food, however, this may be overridden by the PFC in line with the goals of the individual.
2. Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters also play a key role in modulating the neural circuits that are connected to willpower. Three key neurotransmitters involved are:
Norepinephrine, which regulates arousal and attention levels.
Serotonin, the ‘feel good’ neurotransmitter, that influences impulse control and mood.
Dopamine, the ‘reward neurotransmitter,’ is linked to motivation and learning by reinforcement.
And therefore, any dysregulation within the above systems is associated with addictive behaviors and impairments in self-control.
Summing up and exciting next steps
Willpower is hugely significant in our lives, affecting our ability to:
Pursue our long-term goals.
Resist small and large temptations.
Make decisions that align with our own personal interests and values.
Want to hear some really great news? Willpower can be learned, or at least, improved. Although there are a range of environmental and genetic factors at play, emerging research suggests that it is possible to train our brains to an enhanced level of self-control.
Want to learn how? Stay tuned for our next blog post in which we reveal a whole host of scientifically backed and evidence-based tips on how to hack your willpower and cultivate a greater level of resilience and overall well-being!